My comments were cut drastically sort. I was expecting to be cut short, but there was no warning, so I thought I was going to be allowed to explain everything. But there wasn't nearly enough room to let me explain my controversial remarks. Oh well, this was expected. If I said enough to get your attention, you'll be able to read my full article at vixra when I post it there in a couple of days.
These comments are from an article I'm preparing for the science pre-print website, vixra.org (I'm presently calling the article "Understanding the Universe in 7 Easy, But Controversial, Steps" -
1) Space Cannot Expand Faster Than Light
Cosmic inflation is the exponential expansion of space in the early universe. The inflationary epoch lasted from 10−36 seconds after the Big Bang to sometime between 10−33 and 10−32 seconds. Following the inflationary period, the universe continues to expand, but at a less accelerated rate. The inflationary hypothesis was developed in the 1980s by physicists Alan Guth and Andrei Linde. Technically, the expansion during this period of inflation proceeded faster than the speed of light. We often hear that the laws of physics aren’t violated by space expanding faster than the speed of light. On 17 March 2014, astrophysicists of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiment called BICEP2 (Background Imaging of Cosmic Extragalactic Polarization).announced the detection of inflationary gravitational waves in the B-mode power spectrum. If confirmed, this would provide clear experimental evidence for the theory of inflation.
However, on 19 June 2014, lowered confidence in confirming the findings was reported by 3 sources: 1) Ade, P.A.R. (BICEP2 Collaboration) et al. (19 June 2014). "Detection of B-Mode Polarization at Degree Angular Scales by BICEP2", Physical Review Letters 112 (24): 241101, 2) Overbye, Dennis (19 June 2014). "Astronomers Hedge on Big Bang Detection Claim". New York Times, 3) Amos, Jonathan (19 June 2014). "Cosmic inflation: Confidence lowered for Big Bang signal". BBC News). The lowered confidence expressed only a few months after the supposed detection makes me think it could well be correct to say space cannot expand faster than light, and there was no cosmic inflation. To condense the explanation into one sentence, electromagnetic light is produced by gravitation which is the warps in space-time (if space-time’s warps make light waves, those light waves could never travel at a speed independent of space’s expansion rate). So if space (space-time) is actually expanding faster (or expanding at all), light’s velocity would increase at the same rate and Variable Speed of Light theories would be correct in their final conclusion. If the speed of light is a universal constant; the 1998 conclusion of accelerating universal expansion deduced by Saul Perlmutter, Brian Schmidt and Adam Riess could not be correct.
Experiments are needed to resolve the possibilities into the truth. But I suspect Einstein’s intuitions may have been correct. !n 1911 / 1912, Einstein was working on a Variable Speed of Light theory. But he abandoned it in favour of the predictions of General Relativity, which proved to be accurate. The cosmological constant was originally introduced by Albert Einstein in 1917 as an addition to his theory of general relativity, to achieve a static universe. Einstein abandoned the concept as his "greatest blunder" after Edwin Hubble's 1929 discovery that all galaxies outside our own Local Group are moving away from each other, implying an overall expanding universe. But perhaps it was not his “greatest blunder” at all. Maybe Hubble’s discovery of galaxies’ redshifts (light is shifted towards the red end of the spectrum when an object moves away from an observer) is not cosmological – due to the expansion of the universe – but one of the other kinds. Could it be a relativistic effect known as gravitational redshift? This is observed in electromagnetic radiation moving out of gravitational fields e.g. light being emitted out of distant galaxies. What happens to the Big Bang if the universe is, in Einstein’s word, “static” (what Fred Hoyle and others term a Steady State universe)? The cosmic microwave background is assumed to be left over from the "Big Bang" of cosmology, and was discovered in 1964 by American radio astronomers Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson.
My comments were cut drastically sort. I was expecting to be cut short, but there was no warning, so I thought I was going to be allowed to explain everything. But there wasn't nearly enough room to let me explain my controversial remarks. Oh well, this was expected. If I said enough to get your attention, you'll be able to read my full article at vixra when I post it there in a couple of days.
These comments are from an article I'm preparing for the science pre-print website, vixra.org (I'm presently calling the article "Understanding the Universe in 7 Easy, But Controversial, Steps" -
1) Space Cannot Expand Faster Than Light
Cosmic inflation is the exponential expansion of space in the early universe. The inflationary epoch lasted from 10−36 seconds after the Big Bang to sometime between 10−33 and 10−32 seconds. Following the inflationary period, the universe continues to expand, but at a less accelerated rate. The inflationary hypothesis was developed in the 1980s by physicists Alan Guth and Andrei Linde. Technically, the expansion during this period of inflation proceeded faster than the speed of light. We often hear that the laws of physics aren’t violated by space expanding faster than the speed of light. On 17 March 2014, astrophysicists of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiment called BICEP2 (Background Imaging of Cosmic Extragalactic Polarization).announced the detection of inflationary gravitational waves in the B-mode power spectrum. If confirmed, this would provide clear experimental evidence for the theory of inflation.
However, on 19 June 2014, lowered confidence in confirming the findings was reported by 3 sources: 1) Ade, P.A.R. (BICEP2 Collaboration) et al. (19 June 2014). "Detection of B-Mode Polarization at Degree Angular Scales by BICEP2", Physical Review Letters 112 (24): 241101, 2) Overbye, Dennis (19 June 2014). "Astronomers Hedge on Big Bang Detection Claim". New York Times, 3) Amos, Jonathan (19 June 2014). "Cosmic inflation: Confidence lowered for Big Bang signal". BBC News). The lowered confidence expressed only a few months after the supposed detection makes me think it could well be correct to say space cannot expand faster than light, and there was no cosmic inflation. To condense the explanation into one sentence, electromagnetic light is produced by gravitation which is the warps in space-time (if space-time’s warps make light waves, those light waves could never travel at a speed independent of space’s expansion rate). So if space (space-time) is actually expanding faster (or expanding at all), light’s velocity would increase at the same rate and Variable Speed of Light theories would be correct in their final conclusion. If the speed of light is a universal constant; the 1998 conclusion of accelerating universal expansion deduced by Saul Perlmutter, Brian Schmidt and Adam Riess could not be correct.
Experiments are needed to resolve the possibilities into the truth. But I suspect Einstein’s intuitions may have been correct. !n 1911 / 1912, Einstein was working on a Variable Speed of Light theory. But he abandoned it in favour of the predictions of General Relativity, which proved to be accurate. The cosmological constant was originally introduced by Albert Einstein in 1917 as an addition to his theory of general relativity, to achieve a static universe. Einstein abandoned the concept as his "greatest blunder" after Edwin Hubble's 1929 discovery that all galaxies outside our own Local Group are moving away from each other, implying an overall expanding universe. But perhaps it was not his “greatest blunder” at all. Maybe Hubble’s discovery of galaxies’ redshifts (light is shifted towards the red end of the spectrum when an object moves away from an observer) is not cosmological – due to the expansion of the universe – but one of the other kinds. Could it be a relativistic effect known as gravitational redshift? This is observed in electromagnetic radiation moving out of gravitational fields e.g. light being emitted out of distant galaxies. What happens to the Big Bang if the universe is, in Einstein’s word, “static” (what Fred Hoyle and others term a Steady State universe)? The cosmic microwave background is assumed to be left over from the "Big Bang" of cosmology, and was discovered in 1964 by American radio astronomers Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson.
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